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wholesale dermal jewelry I. Place names and figurative thinking that Han people are affected by traditional concepts, they have formed the characteristics of similar thinking on objective things. It does not pay attention to filming, argumentation, and reasoning as European and American nations, but instead of overall thinking objects Direct grasps. Starting from the direct experience experience in the process of thinking, using image, association, analogy and other thinking methods for mixes, so intuitive, image, and specificity are the core thinking core of the Han nation. It reflects the characteristics of the Han nationality thinking. It is mainly visual image, supplemented by the image, hearing, taste, smell, consciousness and other images. These image words are mostly associated with association, metaphor, metaphor, and reputation, so that the vocabulary has the possession of the vocabulary. The distinctive image makes people see their words and evenly, and even visible to touch, feel, imagine, have rhetoric function. People who name them for natural geographical entities often rely on the understanding of objective things by understanding objective things. , "Take the body nearby, take the things far away", that is, the characteristics of the intake of human and natural things are named by local and natural things. "Fang Yu Journey" said: "There are five peaks in the mountains, extremely tall, standing like a person." The book also said: "Helan Mountain has hundreds of miles, and there are many green grass, looking at the horses, and the northern horses are Helan." Such place names are quite common in China, such as Xiangbi Mountain, Table Mountain, Eyes Mountain, Qixingyan, Sun Moon Lake, Emei Mountain, Jigong Mountain, Goddess Peak, Full Niu Mountain, etc. The objects used, the moon stars in the sky, and even their own organs are to achieve the purpose of visualized. The place names also give people visual experience through wide use of color words, such as Hongshui River, Changbai Mountain. Others are named because of their sounds, such as Causeway Gorge (the sound of the sound of rivers in the river), Mingsha Mountain (there are flying sand sounds in the mountains), Xiangtang Mountain (in the cave because of the echo). It can give people a more specific sense of hearing. In addition, Ningxia's bitter water ditch, Gansu's Jiuquan (spring flavor), Ganquan in Shaanxi highlights the taste characteristics of the water, cold water rivers and hot springs are used to water temperature to water temperature. Description gives people a sense of touch. 2. Place names and psychological characteristics and psychological characteristics are unique to a nation. Different ethnic groups are different. Several aspects. (1) The place name reflects the psychological characteristics of the Han nation's serious position. The other in the Chinese person's part of the part of the person has a soft spot. The meaning of orientation means "country" and "in the world". The county names often have orientation. An important part of Chinese culture. Mr. Zhang Qingchang said: "In the name of the streets and alleys In the map of the country, east -west, north, south, and left and right are the same meaning, and correspondingly corresponding. In the brothers nation areas in our country, they are often used to using left and right, east, west, south. " In Inner Mongolia, Turkom's left flag is in the east, and the right flag is in the west. The consistency of the north, north, north, north, north, north, north, and left and right around the north and south are undoubtedly the habit of living in the south of the north. The national orientation culture is the word "yin" and "yang". China is located in the northern hemisphere, and the mountains are mostly moving. When the sun is illuminated, the south slope is light and the north slope is backlight; the sun is on the opposite of the river. Most rivers are also moving things, but because the river body is lower than the ground under normal circumstances, when the sun is illuminated, the north bank is light, and the south bank is backlight. The ancients came from these phenomena. The simple understanding of the water north ", and according to the relative positions of a certain place and the nearby landscape, use the words" yin "and" yang "as the local name. The two words are composed of the two words. Among them, there are many words "Yang", and there are less than 10 "yin" characters corresponding to it, such as Huaiyin and Jiangyin. The ancients believed that the word "Yang" was a good word. In the world of thousands of worlds, "Everything negatives to yin and holding the yang" ("Lao Tzu"), Yang Yu warm, yin metaphor, cold, the main darkness of the yin, people who are warm and avoiding the cold, and the darkness are "yang" One reasons for the place names more in the word. (2) the place name reflects the psychological characteristics of the Han nationality's psychological characteristics of the Chinese nation as an important pillar of society. Within the four seas, Mo Fei "Earth". The vast number of rural areas are in the small farmers' economy in one family. People have a strong clan concept. Often, people with the same surnames and the same surnames set up a village together. Wangzhuang, Lijiacun, Wangjiatun, Guojiaying, Anjiabao, Zhang Ying, Qijiaji and other places all over the country. Mr. Gao Geyuan had a sampling survey on the county's names of several provinces. The place name occupies different proportion in different regions, the highest 80%, and the lowest is also ingenious%. Generally, between SO%and 50%. The relationship between the place name and the surname is very close. The surname comes from the place name, mainly in the following situations: (1) The surname is from the name of the country. The national names of the princes of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods such as Qi, Lu, Zhao, Wei, Zheng, etc. all have become common surname today. (2 ) The surname comes from the name of the Yi, and the eup is picking up. It is the land of the emperors and their princes and princes to the surname or surnamed Qing. The descendants therefore surnamed Su. For Qu Yuan's Qu, because of the flaws of the son of the king of Chu Wu, the descendants were sealed in Quyi. (Now the area of ​​Pingyuan County, Shandong), the descendants are named Lu due to the name of the township. (4) The names of the surname are from the mountains and river names. Naming Local, due to the changes in the times, may not reflect the actual situation of the descendants. The named "Zhangjiacun" may not be the surname Zhang, and there is no even a family name Zhang. To a certain extent, it reflects the sign of people's surnames as clans, and wants to be the ancestors of Guangzong, and the psychological psychology with Jiangshan. In addition, the natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes have also pose a huge threat to life and property. Therefore, there is a general mentality of seeking peace and stability in the society. Taking similar words such as "Taiping", "Yong'an", "Yongding" as the place name, expressing people's desire to hope for peace and peace. Whether in the past or now, everyone hopes to have a safe life. This psychological dominance is named "Taiping" in the nationwide province atlas, and 26 are named "Yongning". There are 24 places "Xinglong". In addition, there are a large number of place names that are characterized by praying rivers and Hai'an as the characteristics of the Yongding River, which used to be called Wu Dinghe, which often flooded and suffered deeply. When I came down, Emperor Kangxi sealed the non -Dinghe river as the Yongding River. As well as, there was a waterfall river in Hebei, and the river was turbulent, which pose a great threat to the locals. It is renamed "Xu Shui". There are many place names like this, such as Ningbo (Zhejiang), Zhenhai (Zhejiang), etc. Auspicious and happy life is the pursuit of people, and this desire is revealed to the language symbol. People's expectations. People use the words "Ji", "Shou", "Kang", "Fu", "Lu", "Chang" and other words in place names. It can be seen everywhere. For example, the place names with the word "Shou" are: Shouning County, Yongshou Town, Changshou Road, Wanshoushan, etc. people use language to satisfy the psychology of avoiding evils and avoid evil, and sometimes even reach the degree of superstition. For example, some people settle in somewhere and often look at the correspondence between their surnames and place names. If the two are harmonious, they live here. There are places with "ditch", "river", and "channel" in the place names, because "Yu" and "Fish" homophonic are as good as the fish gets water and the days will get better. It also reflects the aesthetic culture of a nation. The Chinese advocate symmetry and harmony, and regard the phenomenon of pairing pairs as beauty. For example, in daily life, people think that gifts should be given double, and they will choose two days to choose a happy event. To stick Shuangxi, etc., it reflects people's aesthetic taste. With this psychological domination, people also like to form a pair of words when choosing words. Chinese vocabulary in a significant development trend in syllables is the proportion of single syllable vocabulary. Decrease, dual -syllable vocabulary has gradually increased. In modern Chinese vocabulary, dual -syllable vocabulary has already occupied an absolute advantage, accounting for about 70 %. As a member of the vocabulary, the place name is also mainly two -syllable. "Ma Family Wentong" said: "The names in the ancient books, often those who take dual -character synonyms, or those who confront each other. Words, their rhetoric is slightly strong. "Senior scholars have realized that dual -sounding is related to the excitation. In the place name, in order to meet the requirements of the syllables of the syllable, sometimes add people to help the syllables, such as the" Shan Hai Jing ". Most of the "XX Mountains" and "Models" are called "Mountains of Mo", "Water of a Moo", but "Mountain", "Mou Water" never known as "Mountains of Mona", " The dual -phonetic role of the word "Zhi" is very obvious. And the "sentence Wu", "Jurong", and "praise" are used to the present are the words "sentence, age" to achieve The purpose of dual -sounding. Modern Chinese place names, if the special name is dual -syllable, it is often omitted when the name is said, such as Henan (province), (), Tanghe (county), Nanyang (), etc.; It is a single syllable. When we say, it is generally not omitted, such as Huaihe River, Ye County, Xiangxian, etc. The Han people often use the same or similar words to change the original and unbearable place names. Regarding historical records, some hutongs are named after a physiological defective person, a certain part of the livestock, clothing, utensils, etc., such as dog tail hutongs, lamb rings alleys, large wall seams, and sows Most of the names of the name are because there are such people or things at the time, and the neighborhood has become a place name, but with the passage of years and the metabolism of personnel, these place names have become very vulgar and cannot cater to people's aesthetic taste. To satisfy the satisfaction. For people's aesthetic needs, people use homophonic to make the original place names get a new meaning. The above -mentioned alleys have changed the following: Dog Tail Hutong -Gao Yibo Hutong, Little Sheepfar Hutong -Xiaoyang Family Hutong, Large Walls Litto Hutong -Big Wall -Big Xiangfeng Hutong, sow hutong -Mozhu Hutong. People also used homophonic characters to change some place names that are not conducive to national unity. For example, there is a barrier place under the foot of the Great Wall in the northwest of Shan, called "Killing Tiger". How did this name come from? It turns out that this is an ancient battlefield for all ethnic groups. The Han nationality of the Central Plains called the nomads of the northern northern people. When the Han landlord occupied here, in order to show off the victory, it was changed to "kill Hukou". Later, Hu Han, Hu Han At the end of the history of national confrontation, people replaced "Hu" with a homophonic word "Tiger". Fourth, place names and beliefs are divided into physical beliefs, that is, totem worship and religious beliefs. These two beliefs leave imprints in people's lives. The place names have a wide range of beliefs in the place names. In the ancient clan society, people could not fully understand the natural phenomena such as thunder and electricity. God, in order to survive and develop, begged these gods. Each clan used one of the gods as its guardian gods. Snakes, tigers, cranes, fish, and virtual dragons and phoenixes are all totems admired by people. The totem culture is also reflected in the place name. The Chinese used dragons as a totem in ancient times. In the minds of the ancients, "dragons" were gods who could call the wind and rain, and the clouds of the clouds. Nations like to call themselves The heir of the dragon. "Dragon" became a place name, and was first seen in (Spring and Autumn · Cheng Gong. " Southwest. "Since the Spring and Autumn Period, there have been place names with the word" dragon "in various places, such as Longshou Mountain in Liaoning, Longhai in Fujian. The place name is organized. For example, Longjing (the famous spring in the southwest mountains of the West Lake in Hangzhou, the nearby Longjing tea), Huanglongshan (north of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province), Kowloon (now northern Hong Kong), Longmen (Luoyang Suburb, Longmen Grottoes "Wind". "Wind" is a godbird in myths and legends. The wind has beautiful feathers. It has always been a symbol of auspiciousness. There are also many place names with "wind", such as "Fengyang" and "Fengxian". The province is referred to as "Fujian", which is related to the worship of the local snake. "Said the text" states: "Fujian, Southeast Vietnam, snake species." The ancient Fujian land was awe of snakes. Come as a place name. Another example is Chongqing Pakistani Prefecture. In ancient times, it was Pakistani. According to the "Shan Hai Jing · Dahuang North Classic": "There are Pakistani, black snakes, green heads, and elephants in the southwest It comes from the worship of snakes. Tiger and lion have always been called "the king of beasts". But in the minds of the Han nation, tigers are the kings of beasts. Draw the word "king", people also use the word "tiger" when naming the place, such as Humen (Zhujiangkou, Guangdong Province), Longhu Mountain (Guixi County, Jiangxi Province), Hu Jianguan (Henan Rongyang), etc. The religion has a great impact on people, and it has also been deeply imprinted on the place names. Taoism was born in China. Wanxian Mountain, Xianju Mountain, etc. Buddhism should be bitter in life, and the world is empty. Only believe in Buddhism, extinguish all desires, and put aside the troubles can we enter the world of people. The Qingliang Mountain comes from the teachings of Buddhism (Buddhism is referred to as the realm of removing all kinds of troubles and obtaining peace and tranquility). The place name is like a sea of ​​smoke, and its cultural connotation is extremely rich. The place name reflects people's psychological and cultural characteristics. The geographical area is unknown and is given by people. Therefore, the place of place name has forged an inexplicable bond with culture from the date of production.